Services • EYE CARE

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by damage to the optic nerve, often due to increased pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure – IOP). This damage can lead to gradual vision loss and, if untreated, permanent blindness. Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.

 

Symptoms

In the early stages, glaucoma may not cause noticeable symptoms, earning it the nickname “the silent thief of sight.” However, as the disease progresses, symptoms may include:

 

  • Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision
  • Blurred vision
  • Halos around lights
  • Severe eye pain or headache
  • Nausea or vomiting (in acute angle-closure glaucoma)

 

Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection, especially for individuals at higher risk, such as those with a family history of glaucoma, older adults, and individuals with certain medical conditions like diabetes.

 

Treatment options

While there is no cure for glaucoma, treatment focuses on slowing down the disease progression and preventing further vision loss. Treatment options include:

 

  • Laser Therapy: Minimally invasive laser treatments like selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) or laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) can help improve drainage of fluid from the eye, reducing IOP without the need for drops.

 

  • Eye Drops: Medications in the form of eye drops are often prescribed to reduce IOP by either decreasing the production of fluid in the eye or improving its drainage. It’s important to use eye drops exactly as prescribed to effectively manage IOP.

 

  • Oral Medications: In some cases, oral medications may be used to lower IOP, especially if eye drops are not sufficient.

 

  • Surgery: If medications and laser treatments are ineffective, surgical procedures such as trabeculectomy or shunt implantation may be recommended to create new drainage pathways for the eye fluid.

 

  • Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS): These newer surgical techniques are less invasive and aim to reduce IOP with fewer complications compared to traditional surgeries.

 

It’s essential for individuals diagnosed with glaucoma to follow their treatment plan diligently and attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor their condition.

Frequently asked questions about glaucoma

 

Can glaucoma be cured?

Glaucoma cannot be cured, but with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, its progression can be slowed down, reducing the risk of vision loss.

 

Is glaucoma hereditary?

Family history of glaucoma increases the risk of developing the condition. If you have a family member with glaucoma, regular eye exams are crucial for early detection.

 

Can glaucoma cause blindness?

Yes, untreated glaucoma can lead to irreversible blindness. However, with proper management and adherence to treatment, vision loss can be minimized.

 

How often should I have my eyes checked for glaucoma?

Adults over 40, especially those with risk factors, should have comprehensive eye exams every 1-2 years. Individuals with a family history of glaucoma or other risk factors may need more frequent exams.

 

Can I prevent glaucoma?

While glaucoma cannot be prevented entirely, leading a healthy lifestyle, avoiding smoking, and managing conditions like diabetes and hypertension may help reduce the risk.

 

Can I still drive if I have glaucoma?

Driving regulations vary by location, but individuals with glaucoma must meet specific visual requirements to drive safely. Regular eye exams and compliance with treatment are essential for maintaining driving privileges.

 

Will using computer screens or reading worsen glaucoma?

Using screens or reading does not worsen glaucoma directly, but it’s important to take regular breaks and follow eye care recommendations to reduce eye strain.

 

Are there lifestyle changes that can help manage glaucoma?

While lifestyle changes alone cannot treat glaucoma, they can complement medical and surgical treatments. Lifestyle modifications may include:

  • Regular exercise (avoiding activities that increase intraocular pressure)
  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Avoiding smoking
  • Managing underlying health conditions like diabetes and hypertension.

 

What should I do if I suspect I have glaucoma?

If you experience symptoms such as gradual loss of vision, peripheral vision loss, or sudden eye pain and blurred vision, seek immediate medical attention from an eye care professional. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing glaucoma and preserving vision.